Flights from all other planetary bodies will not require a first stage booster. For Earth launches Starship will need a two-stage configuration with the addition of a powerful first stage booster called Super-Heavy. Primarily designed for Mars missions it is to be capable of landing on all rocky planets or moons in the Solar System except Venus. Planned to be a fully reusable interplanetary spacecraft capable of carrying 100 passengers or cargo.9 Cancelled Crewed Spacecraft and Stations.3.1 International Space Station (ISS) (2000).2 Currently operational crewed spacecraft.Crewed spacecraft include space capsules, spaceplanes, and space stations. Crewed spacecraft must have a breathable atmosphere, pressurised (usually between 345 mbar and 1 bar (1 atmosphere)) and be temperature-regulated (usually 20 to 24 ☌ (68 to 75 ☏)). Spacecraft for human spaceflight must have a human-rating certification as fit for purpose. There are currently two space stations in orbit around Earth, the International Space Station and Tiangong-3 the Chinese large modular space station.Ĭrewed spacecraft are designed to support human life for the human spaceflight portion of the mission. Space Stations are listed beneath each appropriate section, dates of operation reflect when the first and last crews visited, not when they were launched and deorbited. There are currently five operational crewed spacecraft, which form the first part of the list below the eight retired spacecraft types are listed in the next section and crewed spacecraft currently in development are listed last. Since the first crewed spaceflight of Vostok 1 in 1961 there have been 13 types of spacecraft that have made crewed flights into space - 9 American, 3 Russian, and 1 Chinese. There is some debate concerning the height at which space is reached (the Karman Line), the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI) recognise 100 km, NASA, and the USAF recognise this as 50 miles (approx 80 km) - this article choses the latter, to include the widest possible definition. It does not contain spacecraft that have only flown un-crewed and have retired from service, even if they were designed for crewed flight, such as Buran, or crewed flights by spacecraft below 80 km. This is a list of all crewed spacecraft types that have flown into space, including sub-orbital flights above 80 km, Space Stations that have been visited by at least one crew, and spacecraft currently planned to operate with crew in the future. Apollo 11 Lunar Module Eagle was the first crewed spacecraft to land on the Moon.

Future manned spacecraft design